Kei te hiahia koe kia roa tonu te wā e oma ai tō waka hiko? Anei ngā mea me mahi e koe

Mena i hokona e koe tētahi o ngā waka hiko pai rawa atu, e mōhio ana koe he mea nui te pupuri i te hauora o te pākahiko o te waka. Mā te pupuri i te hauora o te pākahiko ka taea e ia te penapena i te hiko nui ake, e tika ana mō te tawhiti taraiwa. Ka roa ake te ora o te pākahiko kei te āhua pai rawa atu, ka nui ake te uara mena ka whakatau koe ki te hoko atu, ā, kāore e hiahiatia kia whakakīia pinepine. Arā, he mea pai mō ngā kaipupuri EV katoa te mōhio ki te mahi a ā rātou pākahiko me ngā mea e tika ana kia mahia hei pupuri i te hauora o te pākahiko o ā rātou waka hiko.

Me pēhea te mahi a te pākahiko o te waka hiko?

Tepākahiko lithium-ionKāore he rerekētanga o te mahi a te pākahiko i roto i tō waka i te pākahiko o ngā taputapu katoa kei a koe i tēnei wā - ahakoa he pona, he waea atamai, he takirua pākahiko AA rānei ka taea te whakahou. Ahakoa he nui ake, he nui rawa atu, he utu nui rawa rānei mō ngā taputapu iti o ia rā.

He rite tonu te hanganga o ia pūtau pākahiko lithium-ion, me ngā wāhanga motuhake e rua ka taea e ngā ion lithium te haere i waenganui. Kei tētahi wāhanga te anode o te pākahiko, ko te cathode kei tētahi atu. Ka kohia te mana tuturu e ngā ion lithium, e neke ana i te wehewehe i runga i te āhua o te pākahiko.

I te wā e tukuna ana te hiko, ka neke aua iona mai i te anode ki te cathode, ā, ko te ritenga kē atu i te wā e utua ana te pākahiko. Ko te tohatoha o ngā iona e pā tika ana ki te taumata utu. Ko te pākahiko kua utua katoatia ka noho ngā iona katoa ki tetahi taha o te pūtau, ko te pākahiko kua pau ka noho ki tetahi taha. Ko te tikanga o te utu 50% he ōrite te wehenga i waenga i ngā mea e rua, me ērā atu. He mea nui kia mōhio ko te nekehanga o ngā iona lithium i roto i te pākahiko ka puta he iti noa te ahotea. Nā reira ka memeha haere ngā pākahiko lithium-ion i roto i ngā tau maha, ahakoa he aha atu āu mahi. Koinei tētahi o ngā take e tino rapuhia ai te hangarau pākahiko totoka ora.

He mea nui anō hoki te pākahiko tuarua o ngā waka hiko

E rua ngā pākahiko o ngā waka hiko. Ko te pākahiko matua he pākahiko lithium-ion nui e whakahaere ana i te waka, ko te pākahiko tuarua ia e whakahaere ana i ngā pūnaha hiko iti-ngaohiko. Mā tēnei pākahiko ka whakakahangia ngā mea pēnei i ngā raka tatau, te whakahaere āhuarangi, te rorohiko o te waka me ērā atu mea. Arā, ko ngā pūnaha katoa ka pakaru mēnā ka ngana rātou ki te tango hiko mai i te ngaohiko mati-toru i hangaia e te pākahiko matua.

I roto i te tini o ngā waka hiko, he pākahiko waikawa-mata 12V paerewa tēnei ka kitea i roto i ngā waka katoa. Ko ētahi atu kaihanga waka, tae atu ki a Tesla, kua huri ki ngā momo pākahiko lithium-ion, ahakoa he rite tonu te kaupapa.

Kāore koe e manukanuka ki tēnei pākahiko. Mēnā ka hē te āhua, pērā i ngā waka penehīni katoa, ka taea e koe te whakaoti i te raruraru. Tirohia mēnā kua mate te pākahiko, ā, ka taea te whakaora mā te whakamahi i te taputapu utu wai, mā te tīmatanga tere rānei, i te wā kino rawa atu rānei, whakawhitia ki tētahi mea hou. Ko te utu he $45 ki te $250, ā, ka kitea i ngā toa wāhanga waka pai katoa. (kia mōhio koe, kāore e taea te tīmata tere i te hiko matua o te EV)

Nā, me pēhea te pupuri i te hauora o te pākahiko o te waka hiko?
Mō ngā kaipupuri EV hou, ko te tumanako kia mau tonu he waka hikopākahiko wakaAhakoa kei te tino pai te āhua, tera pea he mea whakamataku. Heoi anō, ki te kino te pākahiko o te motuka, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi, ko te otinga anake ko te hoko i tētahi motuka hou — te whakapau rānei i ngā mano tāra ki tētahi pākahiko whakakapi. Kāore tētahi o ēnei e pai ana.

He waimarie, he tino māmā noa te pupuri i te hauora o tō pākahiko, me te aro nui me te whakapau kaha. Anei ngā mea me mahi e koe:

★Kia mau tonu tō utu i waenga i te 20% me te 80% i ngā wā katoa e taea ai

Ko tētahi o ngā mea me maumahara e ngā rangatira waka hiko katoa ko te pupuri i te taumata pākahiko i waenga i te 20% me te 80%. Ko te mārama ki te take ka hoki anō ki ngā tikanga mahi a ngā pākahiko lithium-ion. Nā te mea kei te neke haere tonu ngā lithium ion i te wā e whakamahia ana, ka pāngia te pākahiko e te taumahatanga - he mea e kore e taea te karo.

Engari ko te taumahatanga e pāngia ana e te pākahiko ka kino ake i te nuinga o te wā ina he nui rawa ngā iona kei tetahi taha o te pūtau, kei tetahi taha rānei. He pai tēnā mēnā kei te wehe koe i tō waka mō ētahi haora, kei te noho pō rānei i ētahi wā, engari ka tīmata te raru mēnā ka waiho tonu e koe te pākahiko pērā mō ngā wā roa.

Ko te taurite tino pai kei te 50% pea, nā te mea kua wehea ōritetia ngā iona i ia taha o te pākahiko. Engari nā te mea kāore e taea te whakamahi, koinei te wāhi e whiwhi ai tātou i te paepae 20-80%. Mēnā kei tua atu i aua wāhi, ka tūpono koe ki te piki haere o te taumahatanga ki runga i te pākahiko.

Ehara tēnei i te kī kāore e taea te whakakī anō i tō pākahiko, kāore hoki e tika kia heke iho i raro i te 20% i ētahi wā. Mēnā me tawhiti rawa te tawhiti e hiahiatia ana e koe, me te mea rānei kei te pana koe i tō waka kia kore ai e mutu te whakakī anō, ehara i te mea ko te mutunga o te ao. Me ngana noa ki te whakawhāiti i ēnei āhuatanga ki te taea e koe, kaua hoki e waiho tō waka i taua āhua mō ētahi rā.

★Kia matao tō pākahiko

Mena kua hokona e koe tētahi waka hiko i ēnei rā tata nei, tera pea kei reira ngā pūnaha hei pupuri i te pāmahana pai o te pākahiko. Kāore ngā pākahiko lithium-ion e pai ki te wera rawa, ki te makariri rawa rānei, ā, e mōhiotia ana te wera mō te tere o te pirau o te pākahiko i roto i ngā wā roa.

I te nuinga o te wā, ehara tēnei i te mea e manukanuka ai koe. He maha ngā wā ka tae mai ngā waka hiko hou me ngā pūnaha whakahaere wera matatau ka taea te whakamahana, te whakamatao rānei i te pākahiko ina hiahiatia. Engari he mea tika kia maumahara kei te tupu tēnei, nā te mea me whai hiko aua pūnaha. Ko te nui haere o te pāmahana, ko te nui ake o te hiko e hiahiatia ana hei pupuri i te pai o te pākahiko — ka pā tēnei ki tō whānuitanga o te oma.

Heoi, kāore he whakahaere wera kaha o ētahi waka tawhito. Ko te Nissan Leaf tētahi tauira pai o tētahi waka e whakamahi ana i tētahi pūnaha whakamatao pākahiko kore mahi. Arā, ki te noho koe i tētahi rohe e tino wera ana, e whakawhirinaki ana rānei koe ki te utu tere DC, tera pea ka uaua ki tō pākahiko te pupuri i te whakamatao.

Kāore he nui o ngā mea ka taea e koe te mahi mō tēnei i a koe e taraiwa ana, engari ko te tikanga me aro koe ki te wāhi e pāka ai koe. Ngāna ki te pāka ki roto i te whare mēnā ka taea, i te iti rawa rānei ngana ki te kimi i tētahi wāhi marumaru. Kāore i te rite ki te taupoki tuturu, engari he āwhina. He mahi pai tēnei mō ngā kaipupuri EV katoa, nā te mea ko te tikanga kāore te whakahaere wera e kai i te nui o te hiko i a koe e ngaro ana. Ā, ina hoki mai koe ka paku mātao ake tō waka i tōna āhua i mua.

★Mātakitaki i tō tere utu

Kaua ngā kaipupuri waka hiko e wehi ki te whakamahi i te taputapu utu tere o te DC rapid charger. He taputapu nui ēnei mō ngā waka hiko, e tuku ana i ngā tere utu tere mō ngā haerenga roa me ngā āhuatanga ohorere. Heoi, he ingoa rongonui ēnei, ā, me pēhea te pānga o aua tere utu tere ki te hauora o te pākahiko mō te wā roa.

Ahakoa ngā kaihanga motuka pēnei i a Kia(opens in new tab) kei te tohutohu tonu kia kaua e whakamahia pinepine ngā taputapu whakakī tere, i te āwangawanga kei pāngia tō pākahiko.

Heoi, i te nuinga o te wā, he pai te utu tere - mena he pūnaha whakahaere wera tō waka. Ahakoa he wai whakamatao, he kaha rānei te whakamatao, ka taea e te waka te tirotiro aunoa i te wera nui e puta ana i te wā e utu ana. Engari ehara i te mea kāore he mea ka taea e koe te mahi hei whakahaere i te tukanga.

Kaua e mono i tētahi rihi hiko ki roto i te motuka ina mutu koe, ki te taea. Mā te hoatu i tētahi wā ki te pākahiko kia whakamatao ka māmā ake te mahi. Whakakīia ki roto, ki tētahi wāhi marumaru rānei, ki te taea, ā, tatari kia mātao ake te rā hei whakaiti i te nui o te wera e karapoti ana i te pākahiko.

Mā te mahi i ēnei mea ka tere ake tō whakakī anō, nā te mea kāore te motuka e hiahia ki te whakamahi i te hiko hei whakamatao i te pākahiko.

Mena he pūnaha whakamatao pākahiko tō waka, arā, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hau taiao hei tango i te wera, me whai whakaaro koe ki ēnei tohutohu. Nā te mea he uaua ake te whakamatao tere i aua pākahiko, ka taea te kohikohi wera, ā, he nui ake te tūponotanga ka kino ngā pākahiko i te roanga o te oranga o te waka. Kia mahara ki te tirotiro i tā mātou aratohu mō te mea me utu tere tō waka hiko mena kāore koe i te tino mōhio ki te pānga ka pā mai.

★Kia nui te tawhiti e taea ana e koe mai i tō pākahiko

He maha noa iho ngā huringa utu kua whakaritea mō ngā pākahiko lithium-ion — arā, te utunga katoa me te tukunga o te pākahiko. Ka nui ake ngā huringa utu e kohia ana e te pākahiko, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka pakaru i te neke haere o ngā katote lithium i te pūtau.

Ko te huarahi anake hei whakawhāiti i te maha o ngā huringa utu ko te kore e whakamahi i te pākahiko, he tohutohu kino rawa atu tēnā. Heoi, ko te tikanga he painga kei te taraiwa ōhanga me te whakarite kia whiwhi koe i te tawhiti e taea ana e te tangata mai i tō pākahiko. Ehara i te mea he watea ake tēnei, nā te mea kāore koe e hiahia ki te mono i te nuinga o te pākahiko, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te maha o ngā huringa utu e haere ana tō pākahiko, ā, ka āwhina i te pupuri i tōna āhua pai mō te wā roa ake.

Ko ngā tohutohu taketake ka taea e koe te whakamātau ko te taraiwa me te aratau taiao kua whakakāhia, te whakaiti i te taumaha nui i roto i te motuka, te karo i te taraiwa i ngā tere teitei (neke atu i te 60 maero ia hāora) me te whakamahi i te aukati whakaora. Ka āwhina hoki ki te whakatere me te aukati āta haere me te maeneene, kaua ki te patu i ngā pētera ki te papa i ngā wā katoa e wātea ana.

Me āwangawanga koe mō te pakaru o te pākahiko o tō waka hiko?

Kāore. Ko te roanga mahi o ngā pākahiko waka hiko he 8-10 tau, ā, ka taea te mahi pai i tua atu i taua wā - ahakoa he whakakaha i te waka, he penapena pūngao hou rānei.

Engari he tukanga roa, he tukanga whakaemi te pirau taiao, ā, ka roa pea ētahi tau ka pā ki te mahi a te pākahiko. Waihoki, kua hangaia e ngā kaihanga motuka ngā pākahiko kia kore ai e pā nui te pirau taiao ki tō whānuitanga mō te wā roa.

Hei tauira, e kī ana a Tesla (opens in new tab) kei te pupuri tonu āna pākahiko i te 90% o tōna kaha taketake i muri i te taraiwa i te 200,000 maero. Mena ka taraiwa tonu koe i te 60 maero ia hāora, tata ki te 139 ngā rā e haere ana koe i taua tawhiti. Kāore tō taraiwa noa e taraiwa i taua tawhiti i roto i ngā wā tata nei.

He motuhake anō hoki te pūtāhui o ngā pākahiko. He rerekē ngā tatauranga tuturu, engari ko ngā pūtāhui noa e kapi ana i te pākahiko mō ngā tau tuatahi e waru, arā, 100,000 maero. Mēnā ka heke te kaha e wātea ana i raro i te 70% i taua wā, ka whiwhi koe i tētahi pākahiko hou, kore utu.

Mā te kino o te whakahaere i tō pākahiko, me te mahi i ngā mea katoa kāore e tika ana kia mahia e koe, ka tere ake te tukanga - engari ko te nui o te pānga kei runga i te mangere o tō tinana. Ahakoa he pūtāhui tāu, e kore e roa.

Kāore he rongoā hei ārai i tēnei, engari mā te tiaki tika i tō pākahiko ka whakaiti i te nui o te pirau — kia roa ai te noho o tō pākahiko i roto i te āhua pai hei whakamahi. Nō reira, whakamahia ēnei tohutohu tiaki pākahiko i ngā wā katoa e taea ana e koe.

Ehara i te mea me āta whakararuraru koe i a koe anō, nā te mea he hua kino noa iho tēnā. Kaua e wehi ki te whakakī katoa i te pākahiko ina hiahiatia, kaua hoki e whakakī tere kia tere ai te hoki ki te rori. Kei a koe te motuka, ā, kaua e wehi ki te whakamahi i ōna āheinga ina hiahiatia.