He mea pai kia mōhio ngā kaipupuri whare ki ngā mea katoa e pā ana ki te hiko o te rā i mua i te whakatau ki te hoko panera rā mō ō rātou kāinga.
Hei tauira, anei tētahi pātai nui e hiahia ana koe kia whakautua i mua i te tāutanga o te pūngao rā: "E hia te kaha ka puta mai i tētahi panera rā?" Me keri tātou ki te whakautu.
He pēhea te mahi a ngā panera pūngao rā?
E ai ki te US Energy Information Administration (EIA), he tari kāwanatanga, kua piki ake te tāutanga o ngā papa rā kāinga mai i te 2.9 gigawatts i te tau 2020 ki te 3.9 gigawatts i te tau 2021.
E mōhio ana koe ki te mahi a ngā panera rā? He māmā noa iho, ka hangaia te pūngao rā ina whiti te rā ki ngā panera photovoltaic e hanga ana i tō pūnaha panera rā. Ka hurihia e ēnei pūtau te pūngao o te rā hei hiko ina mimitihia te rā e ngā pūtau PV. Ka hangaia he utu hiko, ā, ka rere te hiko. Ko te nui o te hiko e whakaputaina ana e whakawhirinaki ana ki ētahi āhuatanga, ka kōrerohia e tātou i te wāhanga e whai ake nei.
He puna hiko hou ngā panera rā, he whakaiti i ngā pire hiko, he inihua mō te pikinga o ngā utu hiko, he painga ki te taiao, ā, he motuhake hoki ki te pūngao.
E hia te nui o te pūngao e puta mai ana i te tangataPapa RāHua?
E hia te kaha ka taea e te panera rā te whakaputa? Ko te nui o te kaha ka whakaputaina e te panera rā ia rā, e kiia ana ko te "wattage" me te ine mā te kilowatt-haora, ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga maha, pērā i te nui o ngā hāora o te rā me te whai huatanga o te panera. Ko te nuinga o ngā panera rā mō ngā kāinga ka whakaputa i te 250 – 400 watts engari mō ngā kāinga nui ake, ka taea te whakaputa tae atu ki te 750 – 850 ia kilowatt-haora ia tau.
Ka whakatauhia e ngā kaihanga panera rā te putanga hiko o te rā mō ngā hua i runga i te korenga o ngā arai. Engari i roto i te ao tūturu, ka rerekē te nui o te kaha o te rā e whakaputaina ana e te panera i runga i te putanga hiko o te panera me te maha o ngā hāora rā nui kei reira te pūnaha hiko o te rā i runga i te kāinga. Whakamahia ngā mōhiohio mai i te kaihanga hei tīmatanga hei tatau mō tō kāinga.
Me pēhea te tatau i te maha o ngā watts APapa RāKa whakaputa
E hia ngā wati ka whakaputaina e te panera rā? Ko te "wati" e pā ana ki te nui o te hiko e tumanakohia ana ka whakaputaina e te panera i raro i te rā tino tika, te pāmahana me ētahi atu āhuatanga. Ka taea e koe te tatau i te nui o te hiko ka whakaputaina e te panera rā mā te whakarea i te putanga hiko o te panera rā ki ō hāora rā nui o te rohe ia rā:
Ngā hāora-kirowati (kWh) = (Ngā hāora o te rā x Watts)/1,000
Arā, me kī atu ka whiwhi koe i te 6 hāora o te rā tika i ia rā. Whakareatia tēnā ki te kaha o te panera a te kaihanga, pērā i te 300 watts.
Ngā hāora-kirowati (kWh) = (6 hāora x 300 wati)/1,000
I tēnei wā, ko te maha o ngā kilowatt-hāora ka puta ko te 1.8 kWh. Muri iho, tatauhia ngā mea e whai ake nei mō te maha o ngā kWh ia tau mā te whakamahi i te tātai e whai ake nei:
(1.8 kWh/rā) x (365 rā/tau) = 657 kWh ia tau
I tēnei wā, ka whakaputahia e te putanga hiko o te papa rā o tēnei papa motuhake te 657 kWh ia tau.
He aha ngā pānga ki te nui o te hiko ka whakaputaina e te papa rā?
E ai ki tā mātou i kōrero ai, he maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whakaputanga hiko o te papa rā, tae atu ki te rahi o te papa rā, ngā hāora tino roa o te rā e whiti ana, te whai huatanga o te papa rā me ngā arai ā-tinana:
- Rahi o te panera rā: Ka pā te rahi o te panera rā ki te nui o te pūngao rā e whakaputaina ana e ngā panera rā. Ka pā te maha o ngā pūtau rā i roto i te panera ki te nui o te pūngao e whakaputaina ana e ia. Ko te tikanga he 60, he 72 rānei ngā pūtau o ngā panera rā – i te nuinga o te wā, he nui ake te hiko e whakaputaina ana e te 72 ngā pūtau.
- Ngā Hāora Tino Pai o te Rā: He mea nui ngā hāora tino pai o te rā i roto i te whakaputanga pūngao o te rā, nā te mea ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau i te maha o ngā hāora o te rā kaha ka whiwhi koe, ā, ka taea hoki te āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau i te nui o te hiko ka taea e ō panera rā te whakaputa.
- Te pai o te panera pūngao rā: Ka pā tika te pai o te panera pūngao rā ki te whakaputanga pūngao rā nā te mea ka ine i te nui o te pūngao e puta ana i tētahi mata. Hei tauira, ko te "monocrystalline" me te "polycrystalline" he momo panera pūngao rerekē e rua – ka whakamahia e ngā pūtau pūngao monocrystalline te silicone tioata kotahi, he rauemi angiangi, he pai hoki. He nui ake te pai o ēnei mea nā te mea ka taea e ngā irahiko e whakaputa hiko te neke. Ko ngā pūtau pūngao polycrystalline he iti ake te pai o te nuinga i ngā pūtau pūngao monocrystalline, ā, he iti ake te utu. Ka whakarewahia ngā tioata silicon e ngā kaihanga, ko te tikanga he iti ake te nekenekehanga o ngā irahiko. Ko te whakatauranga pai o ngā pūtau monocrystalline he 15% – 20%, ā, ko te whakatauranga pai o ngā pūtau polycrystalline he 13% – 16%.
- Te korenga o ngā arai ā-tinana: E hia te nui o te hiko ka puta mai mēnā he maha ngā rākau kei runga ake i tō whare, i ētahi atu arai rānei? Ko te whakautu ki te pātai "e hia te nui o te hiko ka taea e te panera rā te whakaputa?" ka whakawhirinaki ki te nui o te hihi o te rā ka taea te uru atu ki ō panera rā.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 24-2022