Ko te mea ngaro ki te roa o te ora o ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou, kei roto pea i te awhi i te rerekētanga. Ko te tauira hou o te pirau o ngā pūtau lithium-ion i roto i te kete e whakaatu ana i tētahi huarahi hei whakarite i te utunga ki te kaha o ia pūtau kia taea ai e ngā pākahiko EV te whakahaere i ngā huringa utu maha atu, me te ārai i te pakaru.

Ko te rangahau, i whakaputaina i te 5 o Noema i roto iNgā Whakawhitiwhitinga IEEE mō te Hangarau Pūnaha Whakahaere, e whakaatu ana i te kaha o te whakahaere i te nui o te iahiko e rere ana ki ia pūtau i roto i te kete, kaua ki te tuku utu ōrite, ka taea te whakaiti i te pakaru me te haehae. Mā te huarahi ka taea e ia pūtau te ora i tōna oranga pai rawa atu – me te roa rawa atu hoki.

E ai ki te ahorangi o Stanford me te kaituhi matua o te rangahau a Simona Onori, e whakaatu ana ngā whakatauira tuatahi ka taea e ngā pākahiko e whakahaerehia ana me te hangarau hou te whakahaere i te 20% neke atu rānei o ngā huringa utu-tuku, ahakoa te utu tere pinepine, ka nui ake te taumahatanga ki te pākahiko.

Ko te nuinga o ngā mahi o mua ki te whakaroa i te ora o te pākahiko o te motuka hiko kua arotahi ki te whakapai ake i te hoahoa, ngā rauemi, me te hanga o ngā pūtau takitahi, i runga i te whakaaro, pērā i ngā hononga i roto i te mekameka, he rite tonu te pai o te kete pākahiko ki tōna pūtau ngoikore rawa. Ka tīmata te rangahau hou me te māramatanga ahakoa he mea kore e taea te karo i ngā hononga ngoikore - nā te koretake o te hanga me te mea ka tere ake te pirau o ētahi pūtau i ētahi atu i te mea ka pāngia e ngā ahotea pēnei i te wera - kāore e hiahiatia kia heke te kete katoa. Ko te mea nui ko te whakarite i ngā tere utu ki te kaha ahurei o ia pūtau hei ārai i te pakaru.

"Ki te kore e whakatikahia tika, ka taea e ngā rerekētanga pūtau-ki-pūtau te whakararu i te roa o te ora, te hauora, me te haumaru o te kete pākahiko, ā, ka puta he hapa wawe o te kete pākahiko," te kī a Onori, he ahorangi āwhina mō te hangarau pūtaiao pūngao i te Kura Tauwhiro o Stanford Doerr. "Ka whakatauritehia e tā mātou huarahi te pūngao i roto i ia pūtau i roto i te kete, ka kawea mai ngā pūtau katoa ki te āhua utu whakamutunga i runga i te huarahi taurite, me te whakapai ake i te roa o te ora o te kete."

He mea whakaaweawe ki te hanga pākahiko miriona maero te roa

Ko tētahi wāhanga o te hihiri mō te rangahau hou e hoki ana ki te pānuitanga a Tesla i te tau 2020 mō te mahi i runga i te "pūhiko miriona maero." He pūhiko tēnei e kaha ana ki te whakakaha i te motuka mō te 1 miriona maero, neke atu rānei (me te utu auau) i mua i te taenga ki te wāhi, pērā i te pūhiko lithium-ion i roto i te waea tawhito, i te pona rānei, he iti rawa te utu e mau ana i te pūhiko EV kia kore ai e mahi.

Ka hipa ake te wā whakamana a ngā kaihanga waka mō ngā pākahiko waka hiko e waru tau, arā, 100,000 maero. Ahakoa he roa ake te wā whakamana o ngā kete pākahiko, ka taea te whakapakari ake i te whakapono o ngā kaihoko ki ngā waka hiko mena ka onge ake ngā whakakapinga kete pākahiko utu nui. Ka taea hoki e te pākahiko e mau tonu ana te utu i muri i ngā mano tini o ngā utunga te whakangāwari i te huarahi mō te hiko o ngā taraka tawhiti, me te tango i ngā pūnaha e kiia nei ko ngā pūnaha waka-ki-te-whatunga, e rongoa ai, e tukuna ai hoki e ngā pākahiko EV te pūngao hou mō te whatunga hiko.

"I muri mai ka whakamāramahia ehara te ariā o te pākahiko miriona-maero i te matū hou, engari he huarahi noa iho hei whakahaere i te pākahiko mā te kore e whakamahi i te whānuitanga utu katoa," te kī a Onori. Ko ngā rangahau e pā ana ki tēnei ko ngā pūtau lithium-ion takitahi, e kore nei e tere te ngaro o te kaha utu pērā i ngā kete pākahiko katoa.

I te miharo, ka whakatau a Onori me ētahi kairangahau tokorua i tana taiwhanga – he tohunga tākuta muri-toi a Vahid Azimi me te tauira tākuta PhD a Anirudh Allam – ki te rangahau me pēhea te whakahaere auaha o ngā momo pākahiko o nāianei e whakapai ake ai i te mahi me te roa o te ora o tētahi kete pākahiko kī tonu, e rau, e mano rānei ngā pūtau kei roto.

He tauira pākahiko pono-teitei

Hei taahiraa tuatahi, i hangaia e ngā kairangahau tētahi tauira rorohiko pono-teitei mō te whanonga pākahiko e whakaatu tika ana i ngā huringa ā-tinana me te matū e puta ana i roto i te pākahiko i te wā e mahi ana. Ko ētahi o ēnei huringa ka puta i roto i ngā hēkona, i ngā meneti rānei – ko ētahi i roto i ngā marama, i ngā tau rānei.

"Ki tā mātou e mōhio nei, kāore anō kia whakamahia e tētahi rangahau o mua te momo tauira pākahiko pono-teitei, maha-wā rite tonu ki tā mātou i hanga," te kī a Onori, te kaiwhakahaere o te Stanford Energy Control Lab.

I roto i ngā whakatauira o te tauira, i whakaarohia ka taea te whakapai ake me te whakahaere i tētahi kete pākahiko hou mā te awhi i ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ōna pūtau. E whakaaro ana a Onori mā kia whakamahia tā rātou tauira hei ārahi i te whanaketanga o ngā pūnaha whakahaere pākahiko i ngā tau e haere ake nei, ka taea te whakamahi ngāwari ki ngā hoahoa waka o nāianei.

Ehara i te mea ko ngā waka hiko anake ka whai hua. Tata ki ngā tono katoa e "whakararu nui ana i te pākahiko" he kaitono pai mō te whakahaere pai ake i runga i ngā hua hou, e ai ki a Onori. Hei tauira? He waka rererangi rite ki te drone me te hiko e rere ana, e tau ana hoki, e kiia ana i ētahi wā ko te eVTOL, e tumanakohia ana e ētahi kaipakihi hei waka rererangi me te whakarato i ētahi atu ratonga nekenekehanga rererangi tāone i roto i te tekau tau e whai ake nei. Heoi anō, kei te karangahia ētahi atu tono mō ngā pākahiko lithium-ion ka taea te whakahou, tae atu ki te rererangi whānui me te rokiroki nui o te pūngao whakahou.

"Kua tino rerekē te ao i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion," te kī a Onori. "He mea nui kia whiwhi tātou i te nui o ngā hua ka taea mai i tēnei hangarau whakarerekētanga me ōna uri e whai ake nei."